Can you discuss your knowledge of age-related changes in cardiovascular and respiratory systems?

Sample interview questions: Can you discuss your knowledge of age-related changes in cardiovascular and respiratory systems?

Sample answer:

Age-Related Changes in Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems

Cardiovascular System:

• Cardiac output: Decreases due to reduced myocardial compliance, decreased left ventricular ejection fraction, and increased systemic vascular resistance.
• Heart rate: May initially increase slightly, but overall, heart rate variability decreases.
• Blood pressure: Typically increases due to stiffening of blood vessels.
• Endothelial function: Decreases, impairing blood flow and vascular tone.
• Cardiac conduction: May show prolonged conduction time, predisposing to arrhythmias.

Respiratory System:

• Lung capacity: Decreases due to reduced elasticity and recoil of lung parenchyma.
• Vital capacity: Declines, leading to reduced maximum inspira tory and expiratory volumes.
• Residual volume: Increases, reducing the ability to fully exhale.
• Gas exchange: Impaired due to decreased alveolar surface area and capillary perfusion.
• Ventilation: Shallow and less efficient, resulting in decreased oxygen uptake.
• Respiratory muscles: Weakened, further compromising ventilation.

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