Sample interview questions: Can you discuss the role of cell adhesion molecules in immune cell interactions and inflammation?
Sample answer:
1. Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs) and Their Importance in Immune Cell Interactions and Inflammation:
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are glycoproteins expressed on the surface of cells, playing critical roles in cell-cell interactions, tissue organization, and immune responses. Their involvement in immune cell interactions and inflammation is multifaceted.
2. CAMs Mediate Immune Cell Recruitment:
CAMs facilitate the recruitment of immune cells to sites of infection or inflammation. Selectins, a group of CAMs, are crucial for the initial tethering and rolling of leukocytes on the endothelium. This interaction is strengthened by integrins, another class of CAMs, which mediate firm adhesion and transmigration of leukocytes across the endothelium.
3. CAMs Regulate Leukocyte-Leukocyte Interactions:
CAMs also participate in leukocyte-leukocyte interactions, forming dynamic cell-cell contacts. For instance, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) facilitate the adhesion between T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs), allowing efficient antigen presentation and T cell activation.
4. CAMs Modulate Immune Cell Signaling:
CAMs are not merely structural components but also signaling molecules. Engagement of CAMs can trigger intracellular signaling pathways, including those involving mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). These pathways regulate immune cell activation, differentiation, and cytokine production, shaping the immune response.
5. CAMs Influence Leukocyte Extravasation and Tissue Infiltration:
CAMs orchestrate leukocyte extravasation… Read full answer
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