Can you discuss your understanding of arterial blood gas (ABG) interpretation in the ICU?

Sample interview questions: Can you discuss your understanding of arterial blood gas (ABG) interpretation in the ICU?

Sample answer:

1. Understanding ABG Components:

   • pH: Indicates the acidity or alkalinity of the blood, with a normal range of 7.35 to 7.45.
   • PaCO2: Measures the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood, typically ranging from 35 to 45 mmHg.
   • PaO2: Reflects the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood, usually within the range of 80 to 100 mmHg.
   • HCO3-: Represents the bicarbonate ion concentration in the blood, normally between 22 and 26 mEq/L.
   • SaO2: Indicates the percentage of oxygen saturation in arterial blood, ideally above 95%.

2. pH Interpretation:

   • Acidosis (pH < 7.35): Indicates an excess of acids or insufficient bicarbonate in the blood. Causes include metabolic acidosis (e.g., lactic acidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis) and respiratory acidosis (e.g., hypoventilation).
   • Alkalosis (pH > 7.45): Suggests an excess of bicarbonate or decreased acids in the blood. Causes include metabolic alkalosis (e.g., excessive bicarbonate administration) and respiratory alkalosis (e.g., hyperventilation).

3. PaCO2 Interpretation:

   • Hypercapnia (PaCO2 > 45 mmHg): Indicates elevated carbon dioxide levels in arterial blood. Causes include respiratory depression, airway obstruction, and severe lung diseases.
   • Hypocapnia (PaCO2 < 35 mmHg): Suggests decreased carbon dioxide levels, often due to increased respiratory rate (e.g., tachypnea).

4. PaO2 Interpretation:

   • Hypoxemia (PaO2 < 80 mmHg): Indicates insufficient oxygen levels in arterial blood. Causes include inadequate oxygenation, ventilation… Read full answer

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