Sample interview questions: How do you approach the treatment of patients with hypercalcemia in children?
Sample answer:
Approach to Hypercalcemia Management in Children:
1. Determine Severity and Etiology:
- Assess clinical presentation, severity (ionized calcium), and identify underlying cause (e.g., familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, vitamin D toxicity, malignancy).
2. Normalize Calcium and Volume:
- Intravenous (IV) fluids: Normal saline or Ringer’s lactate, to restore hydration and renal function.
- Calcitonin: Injection reduces serum calcium rapidly but temporarily.
- Bisphosphonates (e.g., pamidronate, zoledronic acid): Inhibit bone resorption, lowering calcium levels.
3. Treat Underlying Etiology:
- Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia: Monitor and restrict calcium intake, administer thiazide diuretics.
- Vitamin D toxicity: Discontinue vitamin D intake, provide calcium-poor diet, and use calcitonin or bisphosphonates.
- Malignancies: Pri… Read full answer
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